@article{Coabstraction2012,
 title = {Co-Abstraction of Shape Collections},
 author = {Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara},
 journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia 2012)},
 volume = {31},
 issue = {6},
 pages = {158:1-158:11},
 year = {2012},
}

@article{Orbay2012CAG,
author = {Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara},
title = {Sketch-Based Surface Design Using Malleable Curve Networks},
journal ={Computers /& Graphics}, volume = {36}, number = {8}
year = {2012},
pages = {916-929},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2012.08.008},
publisher = {Elsevier}
}

@article{Orbay:2012:JVLC,
 author = {Gunay Orbay and Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara},
 title = {Sketch-Based Aesthetic Product Form Exploration from Existing Images Using Piecewise Clothoid Curves},
 journal = {Journal of Visual Languages and Computing},
 year = {2012},
 volume = {23},
 pages = {327--339}
}

@article{orbay2012jmd,
  title={Shape Design From Exemplar Sketches Using Graph-Based Sketch Analysis},
  author={Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara},
  journal={Journal of Mechanical Design},
  volume={134},
  number={11},
  year={2012}
}

@article{arisoy2012free,
  title={Free Form Surface Skinning of 3D Curve Clouds for Conceptual Shape Design},
  author={Erhan Batuhan Arisoy and Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara},
  journal={Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering},
  volume={12},
  pages={031005},
  year={2012}
}

@article{Yumer2012644,
title = "Surface creation on unstructured point sets using neural networks",
journal = "Computer-Aided Design",
volume = "44",
number = "7",
pages = "644 - 656",
year = "2012",
note = "",
issn = "0010-4485",
doi = "10.1016/j.cad.2012.03.002",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448512000541",
author = "Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara",
keywords = "Surface fitting",
keywords = "Point sets",
keywords = "Neural networks",
keywords = "Virtual reality",
keywords = "Design"
}

@article{orbayAIEDAM2012, 
author = {Gunay Orbay and Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara}, 
title = {Sketch-based shape exploration using multiscale free-form surface editing},
journal ={Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing},
volume = {26}, 
number = {03}, 
year = {2012}, 
pages = {337-350}, 
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0890060412000182}, 
publisher = {Cambridge}, }

@article{Fuge20121020,
title = "Conceptual design and modification of freeform surfaces using dual shape representations in augmented reality environments",
journal = "Computer-Aided Design",
volume = "44",
number = "10",
pages = "1020 - 1032",
year = "2012",
note = "Fundamentals of Next Generation CAD/E Systems",
issn = "0010-4485",
doi = "10.1016/j.cad.2011.05.009",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001044851100128X",
author = "Mark Fuge and Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara",
keywords = "3D surface design",
keywords = "Computer-aided design",
keywords = "3D sketching",
keywords = "Conceptual design",
keywords = "Augmented reality",
keywords = "Surface representations",
keywords = "Hand motion",
keywords = "Gesture"}

@article{Fu:2012:FDI:2205936.2317157,
 author = {Fu, Luoting and Kara, Levent Burak and Shimada, Kenji},
 title = {Feature, design intention and constraint preservation for direct modeling of 3D freeform surfaces},
 journal = {3D Res.},
 issue_date = {June      2012},
 volume = {3},
 number = {2},
 month = jun,
 year = {2012},
 issn = {2092-6731},
 pages = {61:1--61:18},
 articleno = {61},
 numpages = {18},
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3DRes.02(2012)3},
 doi = {10.1007/3DRes.02(2012)3},
 acmid = {2317157},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.},
 address = {Secaucus, NJ, USA},
 keywords = {Shape editing, design intention, feature-preserving, freeform geometry, geometric constraints},
}

@inproceedings{Orbay:2011:SMS:2021164.2021177,
 author = {Orbay, G\"{u}nay and Kara, Levent Burak},
 title = {Sketch-based modeling of smooth surfaces using adaptive curve networks},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling},
 series = {SBIM '11},
 year = {2011},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-0906-6},
 location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
 pages = {71--78},
 numpages = {8},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2021164.2021177},
 doi = {10.1145/2021164.2021177},
 acmid = {2021177},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@incollection {springerlink:10.1007/978-1-84882-812-4_13,
   author = {Kara, Levent Burak and Shimada, Kenji},
   affiliation = {Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA},
   title = {The Creation and Modification of 3D Models Using Sketches and Curves},
   booktitle = {Sketch-based Interfaces and Modeling},
   editor = {Jorge, Joaquim and Samavati, Faramarz},
   publisher = {Springer London},
   isbn = {978-1-84882-812-4},
   keyword = {Computer Science},
   pages = {341-367},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-812-4_13},
   note = {10.1007/978-1-84882-812-4_13},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Fu2011955,
title = "Neural network-based symbol recognition using a few labeled samples",
journal = "Computers & Graphics",
volume = "35",
number = "5",
pages = "955 - 966",
year = "2011",
note = "",
issn = "0097-8493",
doi = "10.1016/j.cag.2011.07.001",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849311001300",
author = "Luoting Fu and Levent Burak Kara",
keywords = "Sketch recognition",
keywords = "Symbol recognition",
keywords = "Deep Belief Network",
keywords = "Unsupervised training",
keywords = "Neural nets",
keywords = "Synthetic training samples"
}

@article{10.1109/TVCG.2010.105,
  author = {Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {Beautification of Design Sketches Using Trainable Stroke Clustering and Curve Fitting},
  journal ={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
  volume = {17},
  issn = {1077-2626},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {694-708},
  doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.105},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, }

@inproceedings{orbay2011vlc,
  author = {Gunay Orbay and Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {Sketch-Based Image Editing Using Clothoid Curves},
  booktitle ={International Workshop on Visual Languages and Computing},
  year = {2011},
  address = {Florence, Italy}, }

@article{fu2011engineering,
  title={From engineering diagrams to engineering models: Visual recognition and applications},
  author={Luoting Fu and Kara, L.B.},
  journal={Computer-Aided Design},
  volume={43},
  number={3},
  pages={278--292},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{yumer2011dac,
  title={Conceptual Design of Freeform Surfaces from Unstructured Point Sets Using Neural Network Regression},
  author={Mehmet Ersin Yumer and Levent Burak Kara},
  booktitle={ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/DAC},
  year={2011},
  address={Washington D.C.}
}

@inproceedings{arisoy2011dac,
  title={Approximate Surfacing of Curve Clouds for Conceptual Shape Creation and Evaluation},
  author={Erhan Batuhan Arisoy and Gunay Orbay and Levent Burak Kara},
  booktitle={ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/DAC},
  year={2011},
  address={Washington D.C.}
}

@article{arisoy2011dac,
  title={Computer-Aided Patient-Specific Coronary Artery Graft Design Improvements Using CFD Coupled Shape Optimizer},
  author={Onur Dur and Sinan Tolga Coskun and David Frakes and Levent Burak Kara and Kerem Pekkan},
  journal={Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology},
  year={2011},
  volume={2},
  number={1},
  pages={35--47}
}

@inproceedings{,
  author = {Luoting Fu, Mark Fuge, Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {Engineering Sketch Recognition: Findings from Recent Bio-Inspired
	and Cognitive Studies at VDEL},
  booktitle = {CHI '10: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems},
  year = {2010},
  month = {April},
  location = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {New York, NY, USA}
}

@article{,
  author = {Paul Steif, Jamie M Lobue, Levent Burak Kara, Anne L Fay},
  title = {Improving Problem Solving Performance by Inducing Talk about Salient Problem Features},
  journal = {ASEE Journal of Engineering Education},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {135-142}
}

@conference{,
  author = {Mark Fuge, Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {A Testing Method and Cognitive Model of Human Diagram Understanding for Automating Design Sketch Recognition},
  booktitle = {ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/DTM},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1235-1247},
  month = {September},
  publisher = {ASME}
}

@conference{,
  author = {Luoting Fu, Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {Recognizing Network-Like Hand-Drawn Sketches – A Convolutional Neural Network Approach},
  booktitle = {ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/DAC},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {671-681},
  month = {September},
  publisher = {ASME}
}

@conference{,
  author = {Gunay Orbay, Levent Burak Kara},
  title = {Learning Geometric Design Knowledge from Conceptual Sketches and
	Its Utilization in Shape Creation and Optimization},
  booktitle = {ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/DAC},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {683-691},
  month = {September},
  publisher = {ASME}
}

@article{,
  author = {Levent Burak Kara, Kenji Shimada},
  title = {Supporting Early Styling Design of Automobiles Using Sketch-Based
	3D Shape Construction},
  journal = {Computer-Aided Design \& Applications},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {867-876}
}

@article{,
  author = {Levent Burak Kara, Leslie Gennari, Thomas F Stahovich},
  title = {A Sketch-Based Tool for Analyzing Vibratory Mechanical Systems},
  journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {130}
}

@article{,
  author = {Levent Burak Kara, Kenji Shimada, Sarah Marmalefsky},
  title = {An Evaluation of User Experience with a Sketch-based 3D Modeling System},
  journal = {Computers \& Graphics},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {580-597}
}

@article{,
  author = {WeeSan Lee, Levent Burak Kara, Thomas F Stahovich},
  title = {An Efficient Graph-Based Recognizer for Hand-Drawn Symbols},
  journal = {Computers \& Graphics},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {554-567}
}

@article{10.1109/MCG.2007.18,
author = {Levent Burak Kara and Kenji Shimada},
title = {Sketch-Based 3D-Shape Creation for Industrial Styling Design},
journal ={IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
volume = {27},
issn = {0272-1716},
year = {2007},
pages = {60-71},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MCG.2007.18},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{4116855,
author={Steif, P.S. and Fay, A.L. and Kara, L.B. and Spencer, S.E.},
booktitle={Frontiers in Education Conference, 36th Annual}, title={Work in Progress: Improving Problem Solving 
Performance in Statics through Body-Centric Talk},
year={2006},
month={oct.},
volume={},
number={},
pages={1 -2},
keywords={Statics;body-centered talk;engineering education;multifaceted complex problem solving;engineering education;problem solving;},
doi={10.1109/FIE.2006.322375},
ISSN={0190-5848},}

@inproceedings{SBM06:11-18:2006,
crossref = {SBM06-proc},
author = {WeeSan Lee and Levent Burak Kara and Thomas F. Stahovich},
title = {{An Efficient Graph-Based Symbol Recognizer }},
pages = {11-18},
URL = {http://diglib.eg.org/EG/DL/WS/SBM/SBM06/011-018.pdf},
DOI = {10.2312/SBM/SBM06/011-018},}

@inproceedings{Kara:2006:PSD:1128888.1128909,
 author = {Kara, Levent Burak and D'Eramo, Chris M. and Shimada, Kenji},
 title = {Pen-based styling design of 3D geometry using concept sketches and template models},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling},
 series = {SPM '06},
 year = {2006},
 isbn = {1-59593-358-1},
 location = {Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom},
 pages = {149--160},
 numpages = {12},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1128888.1128909},
 doi = {10.1145/1128888.1128909},
 acmid = {1128909},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 keywords = {3D sketching, camera calibration, pen computing, physically-based deformation, style design, surfacing},
}

@inproceedings{SBM06:59-66:2006,
crossref = {SBM06-proc},
author = {Levent Burak Kara and Kenji Shimada},
title = {{Construction and Modification of 3D Geometry Using a Sketch-based Interface }},
pages = {59-66},
URL = {http://diglib.eg.org/EG/DL/WS/SBM/SBM06/059-066.pdf},
DOI = {10.2312/SBM/SBM06/059-066},
}

@ARTICLE{ gennari:combining,
AUTHOR = "Leslie Gennari and Levent Burak Kara and Thomas F. Stahovich and Kenji Shimada",
TITLE = "Combining geometry and domain knowledge to interpret hand-drawn diagrams",
JOURNAL = "Computers & Graphics",
PAGES = {547-562},
YEAR = {2005},}

@article{Kara:2005:ITS:1652319.1652712,
 author = {Kara, Levent Burak and Stahovich, Thomas F.},
 title = {An image-based, trainable symbol recognizer for hand-drawn sketches},
 journal = {Comput. Graph.},
 issue_date = {August, 2005},
 volume = {29},
 number = {4},
 month = aug,
 year = {2005},
 issn = {0097-8493},
 pages = {501--517},
 numpages = {17},
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2005.05.004},
 doi = {10.1016/j.cag.2005.05.004},
 acmid = {1652712},
 publisher = {Pergamon Press, Inc.},
 address = {Elmsford, NY, USA},
 keywords = {Hausdorff distance, Pattern recognition, Pen computing, Polar transform, Sketch understanding, Symbol recognition, Tanimoto coefficient, Yule coefficient},
}

@inproceedings{Kara04AAAI,
    author = {Levent Burak Kara and Thomas F. Stahovich},
    title = {An Image-Based Trainable Symbol Recognizer for Sketch-Based Interfaces},
    booktitle = {AAAI Fall Symposium Series 2004: Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural},
    year = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{Gennari04AAAI,
    author = {Leslie Gennari and Levent Burak Kara and Thomas F. Stahovich and Kenji Shimada},
    title = {Combining geometry and domain knowledge to interpret hand-drawn diagrams},
    booktitle = {AAAI Fall Symposium Series 2004: Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural},
    year = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{Kara:2004:HPR:1029632.1029636,
 author = {Kara, Levent Burak and Stahovich, Thomas F.},
 title = {Hierarchical parsing and recognition of hand-sketched diagrams},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology},
 series = {UIST '04},
 year = {2004},
 isbn = {1-58113-957-8},
 location = {Santa Fe, NM, USA},
 pages = {13--22},
 numpages = {10},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1029632.1029636},
 doi = {10.1145/1029632.1029636},
 acmid = {1029636},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kara04asketch-based,
    author = {Levent Burak Kara and Leslie Gennari and Thomas F. Stahovich},
    title = {A Sketch-Based Interface for the Design and Analysis of Simple Vibratory Mechanical Systems.},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences (ASME/ DETC 2004)},
    year = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{Kara:2004:SSI:989863.989923,
 author = {Kara, Levent Burak and Stahovich, Thomas F.},
 title = {Sim-U-Sketch: a sketch-based interface for SimuLink},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces},
 series = {AVI '04},
 year = {2004},
 isbn = {1-58113-867-9},
 location = {Gallipoli, Italy},
 pages = {354--357},
 numpages = {4},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/989863.989923},
 doi = {10.1145/989863.989923},
 acmid = {989923},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@ARTICLE{CambridgeJournals:149027,
  author = {KARA,LEVENT BURAK and STAHOVICH,THOMAS F.},
  title = {Causal reasoning using geometric analysis},
  journal = {AI EDAM},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {363-384},
  number = {05},
  doi = {10.1017/S0890060402165036},
  eprint = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0890060402165036},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0890060402165036}
}

@inproceedings{CC-2002AAAI
 author = {Chris Calhoun and Thomas F. Stahovich and Tolga Kurtoglu and Levent Burak Kara},
 title = {Recognizing Multi-Stroke Symbols},
 booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium, Sketch Understanding},
 year = {2002}
}

@ARTICLE{CambridgeJournals:80109,
  author = {STAHOVICH,THOMAS F. and KARA,LEVENT BURAK},
  title = {A representation for comparing simulations and computing the purpose
	of geometric features},
  journal = {AI EDAM},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {189-201},
  number = {02},
  doi = {null},
  eprint = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0890060401152042},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0890060401152042}
}

@inproceedings{LBK-TFS-2001DTM,
 author = {Kara, Levent Burak and Stahovich, Thomas F.},
 title = {Spatial Reasoning About Mechanical Behaviors},
 booktitle = {ASME Design Theory and Methodology Conference (DTM), DETC 2001/DTM-21684.},
 year = {2001}
}